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Back to Previous Page Alloy Usage Weights Measurements
Standard Weights, Measures, and Temperatures For Jewelers
Temperatures
Torch Fuel Characteristics and Temperatures
| Chemical Fuel |
Formula |
Special Characteristics |
Flame Temp. w/Oxygen |
Flame Temp. w/Air |
BTU per lb. |
| Acetylene |
C2H2 |
Burns hottest; popular fuel gas; not recommended for use with platinum |
6300°F |
4217°F |
21,499 |
| Natural Gas |
** |
Burns clean; economical to use |
4600°F |
3420°F |
— |
| Propane |
C3H8 |
Burns clean; economical to use |
4780°F |
3497°F |
21,260 |
| Butane |
C4H10 |
Low heat; available in portable containers |
4995°F |
3443°F |
21,298 |
| Hydrogen |
H2 |
High heat; cleaner than acetylene |
4850°F |
3713°F |
61,085 |
| MAPP® |
C3H4 |
Somewhat concentrated high-temperature flame |
5300°F |
3600°F |
2300 |
** Typical analysis: methane 83.4%, ethane 15.8%, nitrogen 0.8%.
High Temperature Judged By Color
| °F |
°C |
Color |
| 752 |
400 |
Red heat, visible in dark |
| 885 |
474 |
Red heat, visible in twilight |
| 975 |
525 |
Red heat, visible in daylight |
| 1077 |
581 |
Red heat, visible in sunlight |
| 1292 |
700 |
Dark red |
| 1472 |
800 |
Dull cherry red |
| 1652 |
900 |
Cherry red |
| 1832 |
1000 |
Bright cherry red |
| 2012 |
1100 |
Orange-red |
| 2192 |
1200 |
Orange-yellow |
| 2372 |
1300 |
Yellow-white |
| 2552 |
1400 |
White welding heat |
| 2732 |
1500 |
Brilliant white |
| 2912 |
1600 |
Dazzling white, blue-white |
Annealing Temperature Guide
Time at the full annealing temperature will depend on the thickness of the section, but 1 minute per mm of section should be sufficient for thickness up to about 5 mm. Too frequent annealing or annealing for too long can cause grain growth which may make subsequent working or polishing to a smooth surface more difficult.
Specific Gravity and Metal Melting Points
| Metal |
Melting Point
°C |
Melting Point
°F |
Specific |
|
Metal |
Melting Point
°C |
Melting Point
°F |
Specific |
| Aluminum |
660 |
1220 |
2.7 |
|
Iridium |
2454 |
4450 |
22.5 |
| Bronze |
1060 |
1945 |
8.8 |
|
Iron |
1535 |
2793 |
7.9 |
| Copper |
1083 |
1981 |
8.9 |
|
Lead |
327 |
621 |
11.3 |
| Gold (fine) |
1063 |
1945 |
19.3 |
|
Nickel |
1455 |
2651 |
8.8 |
| 22K Yellow |
977 |
1790 |
17.3 |
|
Nickel Silver |
1110 |
2030 |
8.8 |
| 22K Coin |
940 |
1724 |
17.2 |
|
Palladium |
1549 |
2820 |
12.2 |
| 18K Yellow |
1030 |
1885 |
15.5 |
|
Platinum (Pure) |
1774 |
3225 |
21.4 |
| 18K Green |
966 |
1770 |
15.6 |
|
5% Cobalt |
1765 |
3209 |
20.8 |
| 18K Rose |
932 |
1710 |
15.5 |
|
5% Iridium |
1790 |
3254 |
21.4 |
| 18K White |
940 |
1725 |
15.7 |
|
10% Iridium |
1800 |
3272 |
21.5 |
| 14K Yellow |
960 |
1760 |
13.4 |
|
5% Ruthenium |
1795 |
3263 |
20.7 |
| 14K Green |
835 |
1535 |
13.6 |
|
Silver (Fine) |
961 |
1762 |
10.6 |
| 14K Rose |
827 |
1520 |
13.4 |
|
Sterling |
920 |
1640 |
10.4 |
| 14K White |
975 |
1785 |
13.7 |
|
Stainless Steel |
1371 |
2500 |
7.8 |
| 10K Yellow |
980 |
1796 |
11.6 |
|
Titanium |
1800 |
3272 |
4.5 |
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